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Docker solves the problem of operating system environment consistency (packages, libraries, environment variables, configuration state etc.) and build qualification. It allows consistent test scenarios, which can greatly add to reliable service operations.
Before container deployment schemes (like with Docker) convergent end-to-end management of build, test, release and production environments was often lacking, and could cause time-intensive diagnostics work. Since nobody liked debugging live service in production, container solutions like Docker rose to popularity alongside DevOps.
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Docker uses (Linux) kernel features and puts the known chroot concept on steroids. This way we can get a universal system to build and ship applications. Docker is the popular implementation, which has informed the OCI- specification and given rise to other runtimes such as Podman.
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