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What is Docker?

Docker uses (Linux) kernel features and puts the known chroot concept on steroids. This way we can get a universal system to build and ship applications. Docker is the popular implementation, which has informed the OCI- specification and given rise to other runtimes such as Podman.

The technical foundation

The technical foundation topics concerning Docker are:

  • Container images

    • Image registries

  • Overlay file systems

  • Linux kernel features: namespaces, cgroups, capabilities

  • Network bridge interfaces

  • Routes and IPtables

  • Build environments

  • Execution environments

    • operating system (usually a minimal Linux) and runtime dependencies (of a release build)

 In addition:

  • Possibly virtualization (for example, when Docker is used on Microsoft Windows with Docker Desktop)

  • Possibly orchestration technology (such as Kubernetes)

  • Continuous Integration (Jenkins, GitHub Actions etc.) and Continouus Deployment schemes

    • DevOps automation

  • …

Although Docker is one technology element within a DevOps stack, it belongs to the bigger topic of MicroService architectures. Such architectures can have organizational dependencies, related to team management and organization.

What is Cloud Native?

Cloud Native denotes a macro trend related to the standardization of Linux service management and Linux-based cloud computing. It’s when services are made for the cloud (including on-premises private cloudsas defined within NIST 800-145). Cloud Native services can be migrated between different kinds of cloud deployment scenarios, which may help with a defined onboarding, migration and exit strategy of the services in scope.

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